![]() As predicted, men scored higher on authentic leadership, and three dimensions of authentic leadership partially mediated the effect of gender on organizational identification. To test these hypotheses, we conducted an online experiment with 149 managers (Mage = 43.42 years SD = 11.41 43% female) from different work sectors using a 2 (gender participant) x 2 (prototypicality: low vs. We hypothesized that (1) authentic leadership mediates the relation between leaders’ gender and their organizational identification, but that this indirect effect (2) is conditional of team prototypicality. Hence, we expect male leaders to be more authentic and to identify more with their organization, in particular compared to female leaders low in prototypicality. However, followers’ attributions of prototypicality could attenuate this role incongruity and have implications on a leader’s organizational identification. Furthermore, due to this incongruity it is harder for female managers to perceive themselves as authentic leaders. Role congruity theory affirms that female managers face more difficulties at work because of the incongruity between the female gender role and the leadership role. The findings also aid understanding of nostalgia’s functions and identify new methods for future research. These findings highlight that lay people view nostalgia as a self-relevant and social blended emotional and cognitive state, featuring a mixture of happiness and loss. ordinary) experiences (Study 6), and prompted higher levels of actual nostalgia and its intrapersonal benefits when used to trigger a personal memory, regardless of age (Study 7). Central (compared to peripheral) features were more often recalled and falsely recognized (Study 3), were classified more quickly (Study 4), were judged to reflect more nostalgia in a vignette (Study 5), better characterized participants’ own nostalgic (vs. In Study 2, participants rated the centrality of these categories, which were subsequently classified as central (e.g., memories, relationships, happiness) or peripheral (e.g., daydreaming, regret, loneliness). In Study 1, participants generated open-ended features of nostalgia, which were coded into categories. We examined lay conceptions of nostalgia using a prototype approach. Nostalgia fulfills pivotal functions for individuals, but lacks an empirically-derived and comprehensive definition.
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